BOLAOGY MCQS SOLVED
Which of the following is not a prokaryote?
- a) Bacteria
- b) Archaea
- c) Protozoa
- d) Cyanobacteria
- Answer: c) Protozoa
The basic unit of life is:
- a) Atom
- b) Molecule
- c) Cell
- d) Organism
- Answer: c) Cell
What is the powerhouse of the cell?
- a) Ribosome
- b) Endoplasmic reticulum
- c) Mitochondrion
- d) Golgi apparatus
- Answer: c) Mitochondrion
DNA is located in the:
- a) Cell membrane
- b) Cytoplasm
- c) Nucleus
- d) Ribosome
- Answer: c) Nucleus
The process by which plants make their own food is called:
- a) Respiration
- b) Photosynthesis
- c) Digestion
- d) Transpiration
- Answer: b) Photosynthesis
Which of the following is a carbohydrate?
- a) Amino acid
- b) Starch
- c) Nucleotide
- d) Glycerol
- Answer: b) Starch
The building blocks of proteins are:
- a) Monosaccharides
- b) Fatty acids
- c) Amino acids
- d) Nucleotides
- Answer: c) Amino acids
What type of bond holds together the complementary base pairs in DNA?
- a) Ionic bond
- b) Hydrogen bond
- c) Covalent bond
- d) Metallic bond
- Answer: b) Hydrogen bond
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
- a) Lysosome
- b) Ribosome
- c) Mitochondrion
- d) Chloroplast
- Answer: b) Ribosome
The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called:
- a) Meiosis
- b) Fertilization
- c) Mitosis
- d) Binary fission
- Answer: c) Mitosis
Which of the following is a type of passive transport?
- a) Endocytosis
- b) Exocytosis
- c) Diffusion
- d) Active transport
- Answer: c) Diffusion
Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
- a) Carbohydrates
- b) Lipids
- c) Proteins
- d) Nucleic acids
- Answer: d) Nucleic acids
Enzymes are typically made up of:
- a) Lipids
- b) Proteins
- c) Carbohydrates
- d) Nucleic acids
- Answer: b) Proteins
Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the replication of DNA?
- a) G1 phase
- b) S phase
- c) G2 phase
- d) M phase
- Answer: b) S phase
What pigment is responsible for absorbing light in photosynthesis?
- a) Hemoglobin
- b) Chlorophyll
- c) Carotene
- d) Anthocyanin
- Answer: b) Chlorophyll
Which of the following is a monosaccharide?
- a) Sucrose
- b) Lactose
- c) Glucose
- d) Maltose
- Answer: c) Glucose
The main function of red blood cells is to:
- a) Transport nutrients
- b) Fight infections
- c) Carry oxygen
- d) Clot blood
- Answer: c) Carry oxygen
Which organ filters blood in the human body?
- a) Liver
- b) Heart
- c) Kidneys
- d) Lungs
- Answer: c) Kidneys
What is the primary function of white blood cells?
- a) Transport oxygen
- b) Fight infections
- c) Form blood clots
- d) Carry carbon dioxide
- Answer: b) Fight infections
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?
- a) mRNA
- b) rRNA
- c) tRNA
- d) snRNA
- Answer: c) tRNA
What is the term for a segment of DNA that codes for a protein?
- a) Chromosome
- b) Gene
- c) Nucleotide
- d) Codon
- Answer: b) Gene
Which of the following organisms can perform photosynthesis?
- a) Fungi
- b) Animals
- c) Plants
- d) Bacteria
- Answer: c) Plants
The organelle responsible for producing ATP is the:
- a) Nucleus
- b) Golgi apparatus
- c) Mitochondrion
- d) Lysosome
- Answer: c) Mitochondrion
Which of the following is not part of the endomembrane system?
- a) Endoplasmic reticulum
- b) Golgi apparatus
- c) Mitochondrion
- d) Lysosome
- Answer: c) Mitochondrion
What molecule is the primary source of energy for cellular processes?
- a) ATP
- b) DNA
- c) RNA
- d) Glucose
- Answer: a) ATP
Which of the following is not a lipid?
- a) Fatty acid
- b) Triglyceride
- c) Steroid
- d) Cellulose
- Answer: d) Cellulose
The term “haploid” refers to:
- a) One set of chromosomes
- b) Two sets of chromosomes
- c) Four sets of chromosomes
- d) Three sets of chromosomes
- Answer: a) One set of chromosomes
What structure in plant cells is responsible for maintaining turgor pressure?
- a) Cell wall
- b) Nucleus
- c) Chloroplast
- d) Central vacuole
- Answer: d) Central vacuole
In which part of the cell does glycolysis take place?
- a) Mitochondria
- b) Cytoplasm
- c) Nucleus
- d) Chloroplast
- Answer: b) Cytoplasm
What is the function of ribosomes?
- a) DNA replication
- b) Lipid synthesis
- c) Protein synthesis
- d) Carbohydrate storage
- Answer: c) Protein synthesis
Which process is used by cells to engulf large particles?
- a) Osmosis
- b) Diffusion
- c) Phagocytosis
- d) Exocytosis
- Answer: c) Phagocytosis
Which of the following is a vestigial structure in humans?
- a) Appendix
- b) Liver
- c) Heart
- d) Lungs
- Answer: a) Appendix
Which of the following structures is involved in cellular respiration?
- a) Chloroplast
- b) Golgi apparatus
- c) Mitochondrion
- d) Endoplasmic reticulum
- Answer: c) Mitochondrion
What is the term for the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
- a) Active transport
- b) Facilitated diffusion
- c) Osmosis
- d) Endocytosis
- Answer: c) Osmosis
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
- a) Carbohydrates
- b) Lipids
- c) Proteins
- d) Nucleic acids
- Answer: c) Proteins
Which part of the plant is primarily responsible for photosynthesis?
- a) Roots
- b) Stems
- c) Leaves
- d) Flowers
- Answer: c) Leaves
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?
- a) Energy production
- b) Protein synthesis
- c) Modification and packaging of proteins
- d) Lipid synthesis
- Answer: c) Modification and packaging of proteins
Which of the following is not a characteristic of living things?
- a) Growth and development
- b) Reproduction
- c) Ability to move
- d) Response to stimuli
- Answer: c) Ability to move
Which molecule is known as the “energy currency” of the cell?
- a) Glucose
- b) ATP
- c) NADH
- d) FADH2
- Answer: b) ATP
What is the main component of the cell membrane?
- a) Proteins
- b) Nucleic acids
- c) Phospholipids
- d) Carbohydrates
- Answer: c) Phospholipids
What is the primary function of chloroplasts?
- a) Cellular respiration
- b) Protein synthesis
- c) Photosynthesis
- d) Lipid synthesis
- Answer: c) Photosynthesis
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
- a) Support
- b) Blood cell production
- c) Storage of minerals
- d) Production of hormones
- Answer: d) Production of hormones
Which type of macromolecule serves as the main source of energy for living things?
- a) Carbohydrates
- b) Lipids
- c) Proteins
- d) Nucleic acids
- Answer: a) Carbohydrates
Which organelle is known as the “control center” of the cell?
- a) Nucleus
- b) Mitochondrion
- c) Ribosome
- d) Golgi apparatus
- Answer: a) Nucleus
What is the process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen?
- a) Aerobic respiration
- b) Photosynthesis
- c) Fermentation
- d) Glycolysis
- Answer: c) Fermentation
What type of cell division results in four genetically unique daughter cells?
- a) Mitosis
- b) Binary fission
- c) Meiosis
- d) Cytokinesis
- Answer: c) Meiosis
Which organ system is responsible for transporting nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body?
- a) Digestive system
- b) Circulatory system
- c) Respiratory system
- d) Excretory system
- Answer: b) Circulatory system
The smallest blood vessels in the body are called:
- a) Arteries
- b) Veins
- c) Capillaries
- d) Arterioles
- Answer: c) Capillaries
What is the term for a change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information?
- a) Translation
- b) Mutation
- c) Replication
- d) Transcription
- Answer: b) Mutation
Which of the following is an example of a eukaryotic cell?
- a) Bacterium
- b) Virus
- c) Yeast
- d) Cyanobacterium
- Answer: c) Yeast
Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
- a) Vitamin A
- b) Vitamin C
- c) Vitamin K
- d) Vitamin D
- Answer: c) Vitamin K
What type of biomolecule are antibodies?
- a) Lipids
- b) Carbohydrates
- c) Proteins
- d) Nucleic acids
- Answer: c) Proteins
Which hormone regulates blood sugar levels?
- a) Thyroxine
- b) Insulin
- c) Adrenaline
- d) Estrogen
- Answer: b) Insulin
Which part of the brain is responsible for balance and coordination?
- a) Cerebrum
- b) Cerebellum
- c) Medulla oblongata
- d) Hypothalamus
- Answer: b) Cerebellum
What is the function of hemoglobin in the blood?
- a) Transport of oxygen
- b) Blood clotting
- c) Immune response
- d) Hormone transport
- Answer: a) Transport of oxygen
Which of the following is not a type of connective tissue?
- a) Bone
- b) Blood
- c) Muscle
- d) Cartilage
- Answer: c) Muscle
What is the main function of the large intestine?
- a) Nutrient absorption
- b) Water absorption
- c) Protein digestion
- d) Lipid digestion
- Answer: b) Water absorption
What is the genetic material of a virus?
- a) DNA
- b) RNA
- c) Either DNA or RNA
- d) Proteins
- Answer: c) Either DNA or RNA
What is the function of the lysosome?
- a) Protein synthesis
- b) Energy production
- c) Digestion and waste removal
- d) Photosynthesis
- Answer: c) Digestion and waste removal
Which blood type is known as the universal donor?
- a) A
- b) B
- c) AB
- d) O
- Answer: d) O