MDCAT CYTOLOGY BIOLOGY MCQS 2024

MDCAT CYTOLOGY BIOLOGY MCQS 2024

Cell Theory

1. Who proposed the cell theory?
   a) Watson and Crick
   b) Schleiden and Schwann
   c) Darwin and Wallace
   d) Mendel and Morgan
   Answer: b
2. The smallest structural and functional unit of life is:
   a) Tissue
   b) Organ
   c) Cell
   d) Molecule
   Answer: c
3. Which scientist discovered the nucleus?
   a) Robert Hooke
   b) Robert Brown
   c) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
   d) Rudolf Virchow
   Answer: b

Cell Structure

4. The powerhouse of the cell is:
   a) Nucleus
   b) Mitochondria
   c) Ribosome
   d) Lysosome
   Answer: b
5. The semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cell is:
   a) Cell wall
   b) Plasma membrane
   c) Nuclear membrane
   d) Cytoplasm
   Answer: b
6. Which of the following is absent in animal cells?
   a) Lysosomes
   b) Centrioles
   c) Cell wall
   d) Mitochondria
   Answer: c

Organelles

7. Ribosomes are the site of:
   a) DNA synthesis
   b) Protein synthesis
   c) Lipid synthesis
   d) ATP production
   Answer: b
8. The function of the Golgi apparatus is:
   a) Energy production
   b) Protein packaging
   c) Cell division
   d) Osmoregulation
   Answer: b
9. Which organelle is known as the “suicidal bag” of the cell?
   a) Lysosome
   b) Peroxisome
   c) Endoplasmic reticulum
   d) Golgi apparatus
   Answer: a

Cell Cycle and Division

10. The phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated is:
    a) G1 phase
    b) S phase
    c) G2 phase
    d) M phase
    Answer: b
11. Mitosis results in:
    a) Four haploid cells
    b) Two diploid cells
    c) Two haploid cells
    d) Four diploid cells
    Answer: b
12. Crossing over occurs during:
    a) Prophase I of mitosis
    b) Prophase II of mitosis
    c) Prophase I of meiosis
    d) Prophase II of meiosis
    Answer: c

Cytoplasm and Cytoskeleton

13. The fluid component of cytoplasm is called:
    a) Stroma
    b) Matrix
    c) Cytosol
    d) Lamella
    Answer: c
14. Microtubules are made of:
    a) Tubulin
    b) Actin
    c) Myosin
    d) Keratin
    Answer: a
15. The cytoskeleton provides:
    a) Energy to the cell
    b) Structural support to the cell
    c) Nutrients to the cell
    d) Transport of oxygen
    Answer: b

Plasma Membrane

16. The plasma membrane is composed of:
    a) Carbohydrates and proteins
    b) Lipids and proteins
    c) Nucleic acids and proteins
    d) Lipids and carbohydrates
    Answer: b
17. The model of the plasma membrane is called:
    a) Sandwich model
    b) Fluid mosaic model
    c) Unit membrane model
    d) Lipid bilayer model
    Answer: b
18. Endocytosis involves:
    a) Expulsion of substances
    b) Ingestion of substances
    c) Protein synthesis
    d) Osmosis
    Answer: b

Nucleus

19. The genetic material in the nucleus is:
    a) RNA
    b) DNA
    c) Proteins
    d) Lipids
    Answer: b
20. Chromosomes are visible during:
    a) Interphase
    b) Prophase
    c) Metaphase
    d) Telophase
    Answer: b
21. Nucleolus is involved in the synthesis of:
    a) mRNA
    b) tRNA
    c) rRNA
    d) DNA
    Answer: c

Transport Mechanisms

22. Diffusion involves the movement of molecules from:
    a) Low to high concentration
    b) High to low concentration
    c) Low to low concentration
    d) High to high concentration
    Answer: b
23. Osmosis is the movement of:
    a) Solute molecules
    b) Water molecules
    c) Both solute and water molecules
    d) Proteins
    Answer: b
24. Active transport requires:
    a) ATP
    b) RNA
    c) DNA
    d) None of these
    Answer: a

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